恶魔岛监狱于1963年3月21日关闭了它的大门。该监狱在关闭之前已经开放了二十九年。然而，你仍然可以到恶魔岛参观。恶魔岛城市游轮公司提供各种游览岛的服务，包括语音游览等活动。
A Little History of Alcatraz
Alcatraz Island is approximately one and a half miles off the coast of San Francisco, California. In the 1850s the rugged island was used for military purposes and became home to the very first lighthouse on the West Coast. The first prison was established on the island in the late 1850s. Originally, the U.S. Army held military prisoners during the American Civil War and Spanish American War. In the early 1900s, there was enough manpower to construct a new prison. The 600-cell prison, which is known today as Alcatraz, was finished in 1912 and still stands today. The U.S. Army gave the U.S. Justice Department the rights to Alcatraz in 1933. Alcatraz became a maximum-security prison on July 1, 1934, and housed some of the most notorious inmates like Al Capone, George “Machine Gun” Kelly, and Alvin “Creepy Karpis” Karpowicz. Today, visitors can step foot on Alcatraz and learn about the history of one of the most famous prisons in the United States.
恶魔岛监狱何时关闭？
恶魔岛监狱于1963年3月21日关闭大门。该监狱在关闭之前已经开放了29年。然而，你仍然可以到恶魔岛参观。恶魔岛城市游轮公司提供各种游览岛的服务，包括语音游览等活动。
恶魔岛的关闭有两个主要原因。首先，监狱的运营费用变得太高。由于恶魔岛位于一个小岛上，所有的食物和用品都必须运过来，总体费用开始增加。例如，由于岛上没有淡水，每周必须将一百万加仑的水运到岛上！监狱的成本是原来的三倍。与美国其他联邦监狱相比，该监狱的运营成本高出三倍。
第二，监狱开始因恶劣的盐水而崩塌。该设施的维护费用对美国司法部来说变得过于昂贵。当恶魔岛在1963年关闭大门时，据说有300万至500万美元的维护工作必须完成，才能使监狱安全地继续开放。联邦政府的结论是，建造一个全新的联邦监狱，而不是支付恶魔岛的运营和维护费用，会更便宜。
Many believe that the decision to close the prison was due to the disappearance of the three prisoners that escaped the island. Morris and the Anglin brothers planned a detailed escape and did make it off the island, but their bodies were never discovered. They created paper mache heads with real human hair to fool the night guard when doing a room check and made makeshift life preservers by carefully stitching together more than fifty raincoats. Later magazines were found in their cells revealing that this was where the idea was born. During the escape, the men wriggled through a chiseled shaft onto the roof and down a pipe. They climbed two barbed wire fences and placed the boats into the waters. They were never found and presumed dead. This trio was the most famous escape attempt and from this escape, the movie, Escape From Alcatraz debuted in 1978. Interestingly, two inmates escaped before these three and were captured. Seven inmates were shot and killed trying to escape. Two drowned and five are presumed drowned.
恶魔岛关闭后发生了什么？
After Alcatraz prison closed its doors, there were a lot of proposals for what to do with the space. Some thought to make it a memorial site for the United Nations, while others thought to create a West Coast Statue of Liberty. Instead, the island was abandoned until 1969 when Native Americans claimed the land. The hope was to establish a university and museum, however, in 1971, President Richard Nixon did not allow that to happen. A year later, the island became a part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and was opened to the public. Today, visitors can tour the island and the prison buildings.
如何参观恶魔岛？
The only way to get on the island of Alcatraz and visit the prison building is by taking an Alcatraz City Cruises ferry, which visitors can catch at Pier 33 at Alcatraz Landing in San Francisco. It is recommended to buy tickets well in advance as tickets can and do sell out. The ferry to the island takes about 15 minutes from start to finish. Visitors are going to want to make sure they have two to three hours to visit the entire island to get the full experience.
恶魔岛上值得一看的东西
恶魔岛监狱
The prison was a three-story cell house with four blocks of cells. The prison included a library, visitation rooms, a barbershop, and the warden’s office.
恶魔岛的花园
恶魔岛的花园最初是由美国军队创建的。当美国联邦系统掌握该岛时，山坡上有花草的梯田。囚犯们开始了园艺工作，1941年，囚犯埃利奥特-米歇尔（Elliot Michener）接手建造了一个工具棚和温室。监狱关闭后，花园被遗弃在那里，但在2003年，金门国家公园帮助花园恢复了活力。
娱乐场地
囚犯们在这个娱乐院子里进行体育和智力游戏，如下棋。
典狱长之家
The Warden’s House, also called the Hoe House, was next to the Alcatraz Lighthouse. It was once a three-story mansion with fifteen rooms. The house that once held lavish cocktail parties is now in ruins being destroyed during the American Indian Movement Occupation in 1970. Visitors can still see the outline of the house today. It may surprise you to learn that many workers and children lived on the island.
64号楼
64号楼是岛上的第一座建筑，被用作军官及其家属的军事住房。
恶魔岛灯塔
恶魔岛灯塔是西海岸最古老的灯塔。最初的灯塔建于1854年，然后在1909年被一个更高的95英尺的灯塔取代。今天，游客可以从地面上欣赏到恶魔岛灯塔。
恶魔岛城市游轮旅游选择
恶魔岛一日游
恶魔岛一日游包括往返恶魔岛的渡轮，以及大量的时间来自行探索该岛!游客可以花时间探索 "大监狱。美国的大规模监禁"，这是一个永久性展览，探讨了恶魔岛的历史和美国的监禁率，美国的监禁率是世界上最高的。参观者还可以进入许多历史悠久的户外空间，如娱乐院和玫瑰园。如果游客睁大眼睛，他们甚至可以发现1969年占领该岛短短几年的美洲原住民留下的政治信息。
恶魔岛夜游
Visitors can experience a different perspective of Alcatraz Island on the Alcatraz Night Tour. This tour departs for Alcatraz around sunset and takes a different route around the island compared to the Day Tour. Guests will still be able to experience the audio tour and step inside the cell house, but they will also get a live narration about the island on the way to Alcatraz and receive special demonstrations or talks that change nightly.
恶魔岛的幕后花絮之旅
The Alcatraz Behind the Scenes Tour is an exclusive tour of no more than 30 visitors. Guests will go behind the scenes to underground jail cells, tunnels, and special grounds that are not normally accessible to the public. Visitors on this tour will also receive all the perks of the Alcatraz Day Tour. Those on this tour will have the option to leave the island during the last day tour or stick around for the night tour. Each year over one million people visit Alcatraz. The island’s layered history offers visitors an opportunity to explore this U.S. Army and military prison period through the federal penitentiary era and the American Indian occupation. Although the prison has been closed since 1963 due to operational costs, it remains a place of intrigue and mystery that continues to draw visitors year after year.
虽然恶魔岛监狱关闭了，但旅游是开放的，全球各地的人们都可以通过恶魔岛城市游轮进行参观。
Get an inside peek at this former maximum-security prison which served as home to some of the most dangerous civilian prisoners in history.
Original post date: June 23, 2022